Forests are critical for maintaining biodiversity. Some of the species found in forests are well known wildlife game species pursued by landowners and visitors, while the vast majority of the species found in forests (both flora and fauna) are virtually unknown. Regardless, each and every species has a role within its ecosystem and most forests encapsulate many different habitats . ​

Direct and Indirect Effects of White-tailed Deer in Forest Ecosystems

In this paper published in the journal Forest Ecology and Management authors from the University of Wisconsin show how browsing by white-tailed deer can shape forests.

Michigan Herp Atlas

Similarly to the highly successful Michigan Breeding Bird Atlas, this work documents the distribution of amphibian and reptile species in Michigan.

​Forest Atlas
This website by the US Forest Service provides information on a range of topics, including how different bird species use a forest.

Forestry and Wildlife
This link takes the reader to an interview regarding professional perspectives of the contemporary interface of forestry and wildlife management.

Historical Perspective on Deer Browse Issues
This 1947 paper in The Journal of Wildlife Management, with Dr. Aldo Leopold as lead author, summarizes adverse impacts of browse by different species of deer in North America. Many of the findings and suggestions are seemingly relevant today, nearly 75 years later.

Tree Death as an Ecological Process
This 1997 paper in BioScience covers the complex processes that going into tree death and the timeframes over which they occur. 

​Biodiversity and Climate Change Guidance
This document provides guidance to achieve biodiversity goals under climate change scenarios. Recommendations are made for planning and treatment stages.

Second Michigan Breeding Bird Atlas

This work, led by Kalamazoo Nature Center, documents the distribution of breeding bird species in Michigan and follows-up on the seminal work of Brewer et al. 1991. The Breeding Bird Atlas of Michigan. Michigan State University Press.

Living Planet Report 2018

This work by the World Wildlife Fund documents the challenges faced in maintaining global biodiversity. 

Wildlife and Forestry for Private Lands
Information from Wisconsin DNR regarding private forest lands, their wildlife, and forest management.

Forest Management 101
This US Forest Service website provides useful information for private landowners across the Upper Midwest.

​Pre-European Map

Climate Change Winners and Losers
A version of this article appeared in area newspapers in 2020.

Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region
This webinar provides data regarding the observed and potential impacts of climate change in our region.

MacArthur's Warblers
This article describes how different species of birds allocate space differently to obtain resources. Once can think of the graphic as representing a forest in whole, with wildlife devoted to below ground, forest floor, seedling layer, sapling layer, overstory, and supercanopy.